The Voices in Value Year in Review 2020

Although 2020 ushered in unprecedented challenges that tested the American health care system, it also presented a unique opportunity to chart a new course for a world forever changed by a global pandemic. The vast health disparities prevalent in the United States pushed us to reevaluate and refocus our efforts to shift to a health care system that rewards value for all. The field of value assessment – and the decision-making frameworks that allow one to weigh health care outcomes relative to costs – will continue to play an important role in helping policymakers tackle these challenges.

The Foundation continued to set new milestones last year with the announcement of the winners of the 2020 Research and Challenge Awards. A total of $300,000 in research award funding was awarded to three teams of researchers whose proposals put forward new, innovative strategies for assessing the value of medicines and health care services. This year’s awardees offered ideas such as a new tool to evaluate the quality of published cost-effective analyses, a novel method for measuring economic endpoints in clinical trials of pediatric health care interventions and an evaluation framework to incorporate the benefits and costs of precision diagnostics to patients’ family members into economic evaluations of those treatments.

The Foundation also awarded $85,000 in Challenge Award funding to four teams of promising researchers who submitted a project proposal responding to the question: What approaches are needed to consistently and reliably incorporate patient-centered outcomes in value assessment for both population- and individual-level health care decision making?

Winning proposals from this year include a novel approach to measuring disease severity in economic models, a set of practical guidelines for identifying and including patient centered outcomes value assessment, a framework to empower care teams to ensure treatment decisions are tailored toward patient needs and a demonstration for how the co-production can improve the health care system for people with epilepsy.

In recognition of the need to address racial inequity in health care – which has only been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic – the Foundation has established a new Challenge Award that aims to inspire bold and vital research on how value assessment can better capture evidence regarding diverse populations and drivers of health disparities. Awardees are expected to be announced this spring.

Throughout the year, Voices in Value featured guest contributors who used our blog to discuss how their research is making the field more transparent and inclusive and better representative of the individuals for whom this work is most important – namely, the patients.

In March, Eleanor M. Perfetto and Elisabeth M. Oehrlein of the National Health Council discussed how the value assessment community could do more to incorporate the patient perspective by considering the impact of a disease and treatment on a family caregivers, a patient’s ability to engage socially, remain active in their community and plan for the future. Recognizing that every patient is different, accurate research depends on an approach that ensures the patient voice remains at the forefront of the conversation.

But the patient voice is not the only element where researchers should direct their focus. A holistic assessment of health care interventions – from pharmaceuticals to public health decisions – should include a consideration of the societal consequences of a particular treatment. David D. Kim and Peter Neumann of the Center for Enhanced Value Assessment (CEVA) at Tufts University School of Medicine highlighted some of their recent research that explores this topic and aims to better understand how cost-effectiveness analyses have historically sought to measure this aspect of value.

Though the pandemic has caused significant upheaval in many aspects of American health care, it has also brought on an unanticipated opportunity to readjust today’s misaligned health care system towards one that is more equitable, sustainable and valuable to patients. Beth Beaudin-Seiler, A. Mark Fendrick, George Miller, and Paul Hughes-Cromwick argued that reducing the prevalence of low-value care within the American health care system – which has long been the focus of the Research Consortium for Health Care Value Assessment – is not only necessary to advance our health system towards one that prioritizes value, it is crucial to ensuring it is sufficiently prepared for the next major crisis.

The Value Consortium has been working for the last several years to develop approaches to identifying, measuring and reducing low-value care which, Dr. Beaudin-Seiler argued in a follow up blog, is also good for employers and can help firms that offer employer-sponsored insurance more efficiently manage resources in the face of rising health care costs.

The historic events that took place this year – from the COVID-19 pandemic to a nation-wide reckoning with systemic racism – have also reinforced the urgent need to improve health equity and explore ways to make value assessment more inclusive of diverse populations. As the Foundation’s President Eileen Cannon outlined in a blog post introducing the Foundation’s new health equity challenge award, the value assessment community will have to rethink our conceptions of value, more acutely identify and address everyday drivers of health inequities and increase representation of diverse populations in research.

Such an example of this can already be seen by the work of researchers at the Patient-Driven Values in Healthcare Evaluation Center (PAVE) at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy. In a guest blog post, Dr. Wendy Camelo Castillo at PAVE highlighted the center’s experience engaging the Hispanic patient community in Baltimore as part of a broader research initiative to study how diversity affects the value placed on treatment decisions and the tradeoffs patients are willing to make in health care decisions.

The blog was not only a platform through which the Foundation’s partners and supported researchers highlighted their work. Throughout 2020, our partners at the Foundation’s Centers of Excellence had articles featured in numerous publications, ranging from peer-reviewed research journals to media outlets read by the payer, provider and policymaker communities. The work of three of the Centers was highlighted in an article by Sachin Kamal-Bahl and Bryan Luce in the American Journal of Managed Care discussing the need for a better understanding of the health outcomes that are most important to patients through the establishment of a national patient-centered outcomes repository. Additionally, Lori Frank and Thomas Concannon, who were the first place winners of the Foundation’s 2019 Challenge Award, published an article in Stat discussing how the research and advocacy communities can overcome barriers to including the patient voice in value assessment models and outline a path forward for stakeholders to follow.

Other featured work of the Centers includes:

Patient-Driven Values in Healthcare Evaluation (PAVE)

Stakeholder-Engaged Derivation of Patient-Informed Value Elements

The Patient

July 17, 2020

Changes in Cost-effectiveness for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Pharmacotherapy: The Case for Continuous Cost-effectiveness Analyses

Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy

July 2020

Real World Cost-of-Illness Evidence in Hepatitis C Virus: A Systematic Review

PharmacoEconomics

June 13, 2020

Defining Patient Engagement in Research: Results of a Systematic Review and Analysis: Report of the ISPOR Patient-Centered Special Interest Group

Value Health

June 2020

The Economics of Drug Allergy

Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology

May 20, 2020

Clinical and Economic Outcomes Evaluated in Lyme Disease: A Systematic Review

Parasites & Vectors

May 2020

Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Canada is Achievable, But is the Rest of the World Ready to Join in This Effort?

JAMA Network Open

May 6, 2020

Peer Review and Transparency in Evidence-Source Selection in Value and Health Technology Assessment

Value in Health

April 6, 2020

The Economics of Penicillin Allergy Testing: Still Scratching the Value Surface

Clinical Infectious Diseases

February 28, 2020

Research Consortium for Health Care Value Assessment (Value Consortium)

Measuring High-Value Care Pre and Post COVID-19 Concept Paper

October 2020

How Can COVID-19 Refocus Our Health Care System Toward Value and Crisis Preparedness? Concept Paper

July 2020

The Time to Reduce Low-Value Care is Now Concept Paper

April 2020

Estimating State-Level Prevalence of Low-Value Care Services Among the Privately Insured, 2015 Research Brief

February 2020

Finding Meaning in Analytics: The Low-Value Care Visualizer Concept Paper

January 2020

Center for Enhanced Value Assessment (CEVA)

 Measuring “Fearonomic Effects” in Valuing Therapies: An Application to COVID-19 in China

Value in Health

July 27, 2020

Perspective and Costing in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, 1974–2018 Pharmacoeconomics

July 22, 2020

Analyzing the Cost Effectiveness of Policy Responses for COVID-19: The Importance of Capturing Social Consequences

Medical Decision Making May 2020

The Center for Pharmaceutical Value (pValue)

 Results of a new study, titled “Criteria and Scoring Functions Used in the Value Assessment of Rare Disease Therapies: A Systematic Literature Review of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Tools and Value Frameworks,” are under peer review and expected to be published by pValue soon.

Moving into the new year, the Foundation will continue to support research initiatives that advance the field of value assessment and develop transformative solutions that meet the needs of all stakeholders.

From all of us at the Foundation, we wish you a Happy New Year, and best wishes for 2021!